AI-Supported Academic Outcomes: The Role of ChatGPT in Student Performance

Authors

  • Khairol Anuar Ishak School of Business Management (SBM), College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
  • Muhammad Ali Imran Kamarudin School of Business Management (SBM), College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
  • Azahari Ramli School of Business Management (SBM), College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

Keywords:

ChatGPT, academic performance, effort expectancy, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, PLS-SEM

Abstract

The integration of generative artificial intelligence into higher education has raised important questions about its impact on students’ learning outcomes. This study investigates the influence of ChatGPT adoption on academic performance, drawing upon the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Three constructs—Effort Expectancy, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Ease of Use—were examined as antecedents of ChatGPT-supported academic performance. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 322 undergraduate students and analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. The measurement model demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity, while the structural model revealed that all three predictors had significant positive effects on academic performance: Effort Expectancy (β = 0.312, t = 2.794, p = 0.005), Perceived Ease of Use (β = 0.238, t = 2.866, p = 0.004), and Perceived Usefulness (β = 0.261, t = 2.667, p = 0.008). The model explained a substantial proportion of variance in academic performance (R² > 0.50), confirming its explanatory strength. These findings provide empirical evidence of ChatGPT’s potential as an effective educational support tool. The study offers theoretical contributions by extending TAM and UTAUT into the context of generative AI and practical implications for higher education institutions to integrate AI responsibly, balancing innovation with academic integrity.

Author Biographies

Khairol Anuar Ishak, School of Business Management (SBM), College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

khairol@uum.edu.my

Muhammad Ali Imran Kamarudin, School of Business Management (SBM), College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

aliimran@uum.edu.my

Azahari Ramli, School of Business Management (SBM), College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

arie@uum.edu.my

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Published

2025-10-21

How to Cite

Ishak, K. A., Kamarudin, M. A. I., & Ramli, A. (2025). AI-Supported Academic Outcomes: The Role of ChatGPT in Student Performance. ASEAN Artificial Intelligence Journal, 3(1), 49–57. Retrieved from http://karyailham.com.my/index.php/aaij/article/view/715

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Section

Articles