Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in Nonlinear Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Considering Dissipation Effects Induced by a Stretching Surface with Variable Temperature

Abstract

 This paper investigates heat and mass transfer phenomena in nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic, steady, laminar, boundary layer flow of a viscous, incompressible electrically conducting fluid over a stretching surface subject to suction with variable temperature in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field and temperature gradient dependent heat sink. The analysis considers the impact of viscous and Ohmic dissipation, which significantly influence thermal and concentration distributions. Similarity transformations are used to derive and convert governing partial differential equations into a collection of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The precise solution of the momentum equation has been derived. By incorporating relevant similarity variables, the energy equation and the species concentration equation are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are subsequently resolved using confluent hypergeometric functions. Coding for this problem was executed in Fortran 77 language and output exported to Axum for graphs. The impact of several physical parameters on the profiles of temperature, concentration, and velocity is investigated, including the magnetic field, Prandtl number, Eckert number, and Schmidt number. Graphical and tabular representations illustrate the role of dissipation and surface stretching on the characteristics of the transmission of thermal and mass transfer, with key findings highlighting the practical applications in industrial processes and materials engineering. Additionally, the skin friction at the wall is measured and graphically shown.