Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Cooling Strategies for Data Center Thermal Optimization

Authors

  • Man Djun Lee Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, UiTM Cawangan Johor Kampus Pasir Gudang, Masai, Johor, Malaysia
  • Zeno Michael Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, UiTM Cawangan Johor Kampus Pasir Gudang, Masai, Johor, Malaysia
  • Mohammad Amin Makarem Department of Chemical Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz, Iran
  • Azizul Hakim Samsudin Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, UiTM Cawangan Johor Kampus Pasir Gudang, Masai, Johor, Malaysia

Keywords:

HVAC, cooling performance, refrigeration, numerical simulation heat transfer

Abstract

Suicidal ideation detection is crucial for preventing suicides, a leading cause of death worldwide. Many individuals express suicidal thoughts on social media, offering a vital opportunity for early detection through advanced machine learning techniques. The identification of suicidal ideation in social media text is improved by utilising a hybrid framework that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), enhanced with an attention mechanism. To enhance the interpretability of the model’s predictions, Explainable AI (XAI) methods are applied, with a particular focus on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). At first, the model managed to reach an accuracy of 92.81%. By applying fine-tuning and early stopping techniques, the accuracy improved to 94.29%. The SHAP analysis revealed key features influencing the model’s predictions, such as terms related to mental health struggles. This level of transparency boosts the model’s credibility while helping mental health professionals understand and trust the predictions. This work highlights the potential for improving the accuracy and interpretability of detecting suicidal tendencies, providing a foundation for future research in transparent mental health AI systems. It emphasizes the significance of blending powerful machine learning methods with explainability to develop reliable and impactful mental health solutions.

Author Biographies

Man Djun Lee, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, UiTM Cawangan Johor Kampus Pasir Gudang, Masai, Johor, Malaysia

leemandjun@uitm.edu.my

Zeno Michael, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, UiTM Cawangan Johor Kampus Pasir Gudang, Masai, Johor, Malaysia

zenomichael@uitm.edu.my

Mohammad Amin Makarem, Department of Chemical Engineering Shiraz University Shiraz, Iran

amin.makarem@gmail.com

Azizul Hakim Samsudin, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, UiTM Cawangan Johor Kampus Pasir Gudang, Masai, Johor, Malaysia

azizulhakim@uitm.edu.my

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Published

2025-11-12

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Section

Articles