Challenges and Strategies for the Internationalization of Undergraduate Education in Application-Oriented Private Universities in Heilongjiang Province Under the Belt and Road Initiative

Abstract

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has reshaped the global education landscape by promoting cross-border collaboration, talent mobility, and educational partnerships. However, application-oriented private universities in China's border provinces like Heilongjiang face unique challenges in aligning with this international vision. This paper investigates the internationalization challenges of undergraduate education in Heilongjiang’s private institutions, focusing on policy implementation gaps, insufficient language preparation, faculty limitations, and low global visibility. Drawing on case studies, expert interviews, and comparative analysis with similar institutions in Central and Eastern Europe, this study proposes a framework to enhance international engagement. Strategies include establish dedicated International Affairs units, fostering dual-degree pathways, improve language learning and cultural understanding, leveraging digital platforms, and strengthen local government support and incentives. The research offers theoretical and practical contributions to China's higher education internationalization under the BRI, and suggests policy and institutional reforms critical for transforming regional education hubs into globally connected knowledge centres