Practices in Reducing  Embodied Carbon in Construction in Malaysia: Amalan Mengurangkan Karbon Terbenam dalam Pembinaan di Malaysia

Nurul Sakina Mokhtar Azizi; Tung Chii Lau; Har Einur Azrin Baharuddin; Nurulaini Abu Shamsi

Authors

Nurul Sakina Mokhtar Azizi Program Ukur Bahan Pusat Pengajian Perumahan Bangunan & Perancangan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Tung Chii Lau Program Ukur Bahan Pusat Pengajian Perumahan Bangunan & Perancangan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Har Einur Azrin Baharuddin Jabatan Ukur Bahan, Fakulti Senibina, Perancangan dan Ukur, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
Nurulaini Abu Shamsi Jabatan Pengajian Sains dan Teknologi, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Keywords:

Embodied Carbon, Construction, Carbon Footprint, Karbon Terbenam, Pembinaan, Jejak Carbon, Mampan

Abstract

Embodied carbon in a construction project contributes 10% to 20% of the total global carbon emissions. Often practices in reducing embodied carbon are fragmented and relatively less emphasized as opposed to operational carbon emission. Hence this study aims to identify the practices of reducing embodied carbon in a construction project. A systematic literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA framework). A total of The final selection of sample of literature materials amounted to 28 publications published between 2015 and 2024 were analysed. The findings revealed that there are a total of 14 practices in reducing embodied carbon emission that can be adopted in a construction project. The present study contributes to the body of knowledge where it addresses the research gap that exists regarding the lack of clarity on the holistic practices for reducing embodied carbon in construction. It provides valuable insights and emphasises the areas in which improvements can be made to ensure a more robust approach to the mitigation of embodied carbon for achieving a sustainable construction.

Karbon terbenam dalam projek pembinaan menyumbang 10% hingga 20% daripada jumlah keseluruhan pelepasan karbon global. Amalan pengurangan karbon terbenam sering kali berpecah-pecah dan kurang diberi penekanan berbanding pelepasan karbon operasi. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap amalan pengurangan karbon terbenam dalam projek pembinaan. Satu kajian literatur sistematik telah dijalankan menggunakan rangka kerja ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)’. Sebanyak 28 penerbitan yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015 hingga 2024 dianalisis. Penemuan kajian menunjukkan terdapat sebanyak 14 amalan yang boleh diterapkan dalam projek pembinaan bagi mengurangkan pelepasan karbon terbenam. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pengetahuan dengan menangani jurang penyelidikan yang wujud berkaitan kurangnya kefahaman mengenai amalan holistik dalam pengurangan karbon terbenam dalam pembinaan. Ia memberikan perspektif yang bernilai dan menekankan perkara yang memerlukan penambahbaikan untuk mewujudkan pendekatan yang lebih menyeluruh bagi mengurangkan karbon terbenam untuk mencapai pembinaan yang mampan.

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