Assessment of Ergonomic Risk Factor and Musculoskeletal Discomfort among Construction Workers in Terengganu

Abstract

Ergonomic risk factors (ERFs) at construction sites are frequently associated with the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), particularly due to awkward postures, repetitive tasks, exposure to extreme heat, excessive noise, and vibration. This study investigates the prevalence of MSDs among construction workers in Kuala Terengganu and explores the relationship between ERFs and the occurrence of musculoskeletal discomfort. A total of 44 workers participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected through the validated Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), field observations based on the Guidelines on Ergonomic Risk Assessment at the Workplace, and systematic site assessment. The results indicated that the shoulders, lower back, upper back, and wrists/hands were the most frequently reported areas of discomfort over the past 12 months. These symptoms were closely associated with prolonged awkward postures, repetitive movements, and exposure to extreme heat. The findings underscore the need for targeted ergonomic interventions at construction sites. This study offers valuable insights for industry stakeholders in formulating proactive MSD prevention strategies to improve occupational health and safety in the construction sector.