A Conceptual Review of Green Supply Chain Management Practices and their Impact on Organizational, Environmental, and Economic Performance

Abstract

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices have emerged as a critical approach to achieving sustainability and enhancing organizational competitiveness. This conceptual review examines the multifaceted impact of GSCM on organizational, environmental, and economic performance. Drawing from an extensive analysis of existing literature, this study identifies key GSCM practices, including green procurement, eco-design, reverse logistics, and green manufacturing, and evaluates their influence on performance metrics. The findings highlight how integrating environmental considerations into supply chain operations not only reduces ecological footprints but also drives cost efficiency, innovation, and stakeholder satisfaction. Moreover, this review uncovers gaps in current research, such as inconsistencies in performance measurement and limited attention to the role of digital technologies in enhancing GSCM practices. By addressing these gaps, the study provides a robust foundation for future research and practical applications, emphasizing the need for comprehensive frameworks and cross-industry case studies. This paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge by offering actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and academics seeking to align sustainability goals with operational excellence.