Decontamination and Dismantling Strategy for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Facilities

Abstract

The national demand for radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals (RIRP) continues to increase along with the development of the utilization of nuclear science and technology in various fields, especially nuclear medicine. Most RIRP products are currently imported. These needs could initially be met when the Indonesian Nuclear Industry (PT INUKI) was still operating. However, the facility was discontinued in April 2023 for several reasons and will be transferred to the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). BRIN will revitalize the RIRP facility to meet domestic demand for RIRP. The revitalization effort is hindered by potential contamination discovered during the evaluation of the current condition of RIRP facilities. Radiological and physical surveys of the structures, systems and components to be decontaminated can be the first step to determine the Decontamination and Dismantling (D&D) plan and technology selection. This research aims to propose a D&D strategy along with appropriate technology recommendations for installation and risk analysis during the process. A comprehensive literature review on the latest D&D technologies was conducted to identify faster, cheaper, and more efficient methods.  The D&D methods are evaluated based on safety, efficiency, cost effectiveness, waste minimization, and feasibility of industrialization. HAZOP study was conducted to identify potential hazards, level of risk, and provides risk control during the D&D process of RIRP facility. Chemical and electrochemical methods, such as acid cleaning, effectively decontaminate metal surfaces with minimal waste and cost efficiency. Physical methods such as dry ice blasting, abrasive blasting, ultrasonic, and laser cleaning are preferred for their safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Techniques such as diamond wire, plasma arc cutting, hydraulic bursting, and sawing were chosen to minimize radioactive waste and ensure safety during the dismantling process. The results of the HAZOP analysis show that the D&D process for the RIRP facility to be carried out has 7 processes with several potential hazards. The risk level of overall area shows 15 very high categories, 22 high categories, 13 medium category, and 7 low categories. Risk control during the D&D process is proposed to ensure operational safety and security.