Analysis of Velocity for Different Density Using Different Height

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between velocity, density, and height in various fluid systems, providing a comprehensive analysis of how these factors interact under different conditions. The experiment involved measuring the velocity of fluids with varying densities as they flowed through channels of differing heights. Key principles such as fluid mechanics, Bernoulli's equation, and the continuity equation were applied to water bottles with three different height holes and interpreted the results. It was observed that greater water heights resulted in higher velocities due to increased gravitational potential energy, while variations in density, simulated by adding solutes, provided additional insights into flow characteristics. This analysis highlights the relevance of height and density in fluid flow applications, offering a clear understanding of fundamental fluid mechanics concepts through an accessible experimental setup. The experimental setup consisted of water bottles with different heights which are 0.055 m, 0.150 m and 0.225 m. Variations in fluid density were introduced by dissolving different solutes such as water, salted water and wasted oil to simulate changes in the physical properties of the fluid. Results indicated that the initialheight of the fluid significantly influenced its velocity, with taller columns of water producing higher exit velocities due to increased gravitational potential energy. Hole C have higher velocity compared to hole A and B meanwhile hole A have lower velocity compared to hole B and C for each liquid. Additionally, fluids with higher densities exhibited slower velocities under similar conditions, demonstrating the inverse relationship between density and flow rate when other factors remain constant. The study demonstrates the importance of easily accessible experimental instruments, such as water bottles with holes, in the teaching and analysis of fluid mechanics by highlighting the significance of height and density as crucial variables in regulating flow behavior. Based on the result, if position of the hole from the surface of the liquid is higher, the velocity of the flow will increase for each liquid.