A Framework for Human-AI Synergy: Reinterpretation of the Classical Tripartite Model

Abstract

This conceptual paper advances a novel framework for understanding the limitations of Artificial Intelligence (AI) writing assistants in academic contexts. Building on prior narrative reviews, we propose a tripartite model categorizing AI limitations into technical, cognitive, and ethical dimensions. Through synthesizing recent literature (2020–2024), we argue that AI’s inability to meet academic standards stems from inherent gaps in contextual adaptability, synthetic reasoning, and ethical accountability. Our framework emphasizes the necessity of human-AI collaboration to mitigate these limitations, offering actionable recommendations for scholars, developers, and policymakers. This paper contributes to the discourse on AI in academia by redefining limitations as opportunities for symbiotic innovation rather than mere technological shortcomings.