Prototyping Contactless Authentication Application using Blockchain-Based Smart Contract for Secure Remote Attendance Automation

Putra Roskhairul Fitri Kaha; Afiqah Mohammad Azahari; Najah Alsubaie; Venkatesan K; Syarifah Bahiyah Rahayu

Authors

Putra Roskhairul Fitri Kaha Faculty of Defense Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia (UPNM), Malaysia
Afiqah Mohammad Azahari Faculty of Defense Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia (UPNM), Malaysia
Najah Alsubaie Department Computer Science, College of Computer and Information, Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Saudi Arabia
Venkatesan K Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Chennai, India
Syarifah Bahiyah Rahayu Cyber Security and Digital Industrial Revolution Centre, Institute of CyberSecurity and Electronic Systems, National Defence University of Malaysia (UPNM), Malaysia

Keywords:

Attendance, Blockchain, Face recognition, Location-based, Smart contract

Abstract

Accurate and tamper-proof attendance recording remains an essential requirement for organizations especially when currently organizations have been adapting to flexible and remote working models. Traditional attendance systems, whether manual or biometric, often face issues in accessibility, manipulation, and data vulnerability particularly when managed through centralized databases. This paper presents W@RK, an IoT-based contactless attendance system that integrates facial recognition, geolocation validation, and blockchain-based smart contracts to solve issues related to secure, verifiable, and transparent attendance management. The system employs facial recognition for user authentication, geo-fencing to validate the user’s physical location, and blockchain technology to record attendance data as immutable transactions. Smart contracts define the operational rules and automatically execute attendance validation and record submission. The prototype was developed using Python and Solidity, with a private Ethereum network established through Geth and Brownie for blockchain interaction. Performance evaluation focused on the blockchain layer under varying workloads, achieving up to 99.86% transaction success rate with 1,000 virtual users, demonstrating stability and reliability of W@RK even under high demand. These results indicate that W@RK provides a secure and efficient alternative to traditional attendance systems, offering transparency, data integrity, and scalability for modern organizational environments.