Factors Affecting Users’ Quality of Experience (QoE) towards Graphical-based Authentication – A Systematic Literature Review

Juliana Mohamed; Mohd Farhan Mohd Fudzee; Noni Salzura Salim

doi:10.37934/arca.42.1.7786

Authors

Juliana Mohamed Department of Information Technology, Centre for Diploma Studies (CeDS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
Mohd Farhan Mohd Fudzee Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology (FSKTM), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Noni Salzura Salim Logistics Operation Distribution Centre, Telekom Malaysia (TM) Technology Sdn Bhd, Batu 10, 43200 Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/arca.42.1.7786

Keywords:

Graphical-based authentication, Quality of Experience (QoE), usability, systematic literature review, PRISMA, authentication

Abstract

Graphical-based authentication systems have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional text-based passwords since they enhance memorability and provide better protection against common cyber threats. Comprehensive research examining user perceptions when interacting with graphical-based authentication systems is limited. This paper conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) aimed at identifying the key factors influencing users' Quality of Experience (QoE) with graphical-based authentication. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the research analyzed 48 relevant studies published between 2010 and 2025 from reputable digital libraries. The results indicate that five key factors impacting QoE are usability, accessibility, memorability, visual design, and legibility. Furthermore, the review highlights an increasing need for authentication design that focuses on QoE, integrating subjective user preferences with objective usability metrics. The study concludes by offering insights into developing graphical-based authentication systems that adhere to user-centered principles, ultimately enhancing both security and user satisfaction.