Isu Wanita Melayu Di Malaysia Dilihat Menerusi Literatur Sekitar Tiga Dekad Terakhir

Malay Women's Issues in Malaysia Seen Through Literature Over the Last Three Decades (1995-2025)

Abstract

Sepanjang tiga dekad kajian wanita dibuat, pelbagai tema telah dibincangkan mengenai wanita meliputi pendidikan mahupun ekonomi sejajar dengan perkembangan pembangunan negara. Walaupun pelbagai kajian telah dijalankan dalam tempoh tiga dekad yang lalu, kekaburan dalam pemahaman terhadap tema ini masih wujud kerana tiada analisis sistematik yang menyatukan dan menilai secara menyeluruh dapatan daripada kajian-kajian terdahulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti isu wanita Melayu di Malaysia berdasarkan literatur terpilih sekitar tiga dekad terakhir dengan memfokuskan kepada empat tema utama iaitu wanita dan Islam, wanita dan Budaya, wanita dan penjagaan kesihatan dan kecantikan dan juga wanita dan feminisme. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kajian kepustakaan dengan mengaplikasikan kaedah analisis tematik. Sebanyak 31 literatur telah dipilih dan dianalisis secara tematik melalui proses pengelasan tema dan analisis kekerapan bagi mengenal pasti pola dominasi dan jurang kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati tema wanita dan Islam paling dominan (11 kajian) yang terpilih, diikuti tema wanita dan budaya (10 kajian), wanita dan kesihatan dan kecantikan (6 kajian) serta wanita dan feminisme (4 kajian). Oleh itu, perspektif keIslaman paling dominan dalam wacana wanita Melayu, manakala feminisme moden masih kurang diterokai dan memerlukan penelitian lanjut.

Malay women play an important role in the formation of family institutions, community development and the preservation of cultural and religious values ​​in Malaysia. Along with the social, economic and cultural changes that have occurred in society, various studies have been conducted to discuss issues related to Malay women from various perspectives. However, studies that comprehensively examine the trends of themes and research gaps related to Malay women over a long period are still limited. This study aims to examine the main themes discussed in the literature on Malay women in Malaysia during the period 1995-2025 and identify trends and research gaps that still exist. This study uses a qualitative approach through thematic analysis of 28 selected literatures consisting of journal articles and theses in the Malay language. Source selection was made based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been set to ensure suitability with the study objectives. Each literature was analyzed through a process of reading, coding and classifying themes to identify dominant discussion patterns. Findings show that literature related to Malay women can be categorized into four main themes, namely women and Islam, women and culture, women and feminism and women and health and beauty care. The theme of women and Islam is the theme that is given the most attention, followed by the theme of women and culture. On the other hand, the themes of women and feminism as well as women and health and beauty are still limited. This study found that research related to Malay women is still largely influenced by religious and cultural frameworks in understanding the role, identity and position of women in society. Therefore, there are several research areas that are still underexplored, especially related to contemporary feminism, digital media, mental health and the identity of Malay women today. This study is hoped to be a basic reference in understanding the development of research related to Malay women and to help researchers identify new research directions in the future.