A DEMATEL Analysis of Factors Contributing to Low Fluency in ESL Spontaneous Speaking Among Local Undergraduates

Authors

  • Khamizatul Baizura Idris Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Raub, Malaysia
  • Pauline Georgina Priya Hebert Sundram Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Raub, Malaysia
  • Faiza Rostam Affendi georgina@uitm.edu.my
  • Natasha Zuhaimi Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Raub, Malaysia
  • Tengku Nazatul Shima Tengku Paris Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Raub, Malaysia

Keywords:

DEMATEL, Fluency, ESL undergraduates

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the interdependent causal relationships among the factors contributing to low fluency in spontaneous English speaking as well as to categorize the identified factors into "cause" and "effect" groups to prioritize the most critical drivers of spontaneous speech disfluency among local ESL undergraduates.

Author Biographies

Khamizatul Baizura Idris, Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Raub, Malaysia

khamizatul@uitm.edu.my

Pauline Georgina Priya Hebert Sundram, Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Raub, Malaysia

georgina@uitm.edu.my

Faiza Rostam Affendi, georgina@uitm.edu.my

faiza@uitm.edu.my

Natasha Zuhaimi, Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Raub, Malaysia

natashaz@uitm.edu.my

Tengku Nazatul Shima Tengku Paris, Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Kampus Raub, Malaysia

tnshima@uitm.edu.my

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Published

2026-06-25

Issue

Vol. 44 No. 1: September (2026)

Section

Articles