Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kelestarian Kewangan Asnaf Zakat Menggunakan Kaedah DEMATEL

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Financial Sustainability of Zakat Recipients (Asnaf) Using the DEMATEL Method

Abstract

Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelestarian kewangan dalam kalangan asnaf zakat menggunakan pendekatan Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). Keberkesanan bantuan zakat tidak hanya bergantung kepada jumlah bantuan yang diterima, tetapi turut dipengaruhi oleh keupayaan penerima mengurus kewangan secara mampan. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada enam faktor utama iaitu literasi kewangan, sikap dan tingkah laku kewangan, tahap pendidikan dan kemahiran, sokongan institusi zakat, tahap pendapatan, kestabilan ekonomi, spiritual dan kesedaran agama. Data diperoleh melalui penilaian pakar dan dianalisis bagi mengenal pasti hubungan sebab dan akibat antara faktor-faktor tersebut. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa sokongan institusi zakat, literasi kewangan, spiritual dan kesedaran agama merupakan faktor penyebab yang bertindak sebagai pemacu utama. Sebaliknya, sikap dan tingkah laku kewangan, tahap pendidikan dan kemahiran serta tahap pendapatan dikenal pasti sebagai faktor kesan. Walaupun tahap pendapatan dan kestabilan ekonomi mempunyai kepentingan tertinggi, ia dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Kajian ini menegaskan kepentingan pendekatan holistik dalam memperkukuh kelestarian kewangan asnaf secara mampan.

This research intends to recognize and evaluate the factors affecting the financial sustainability of zakat recipients (asnaf). The impact of zakat assistance cannot be measured only based on the amount received by the recipient. Besides, it needs to be complemented with the capability of the recipient to conduct financial sustainability management. Six major factors will be considered for this research. The six factors are the level of financial literacy, financial attitudes and behaviors, the education level and skill, the support of the zakat institution, income level, economic stability, and spirituality and religious awareness. Data collection will be conducted using the method of evaluation by experts. The result showed that the factors that are the causal factors are the support from zakat institutions, financial literacy, and spirituality and religious awareness. Meanwhile, the factors identified as the effect factors are the financial attitudes and behaviors, education level and skill, and income level. It was found that the factors related to the income level and economic stability have the highest prominence. However, both are affected by the other factors. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that a holistic approach is essential in enhancing the financial sustainability of the asnaf.