IoT-Based Monitoring and Optimization of Nutrient Film Technique Aquaponic Systems: Influence of Bio-Mechanical Filtration on Growth Rates of Oreochromis Niloticus and Brassica Rapa

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of bio-mechanical filtration on the growth of Oreochromis Niloticus and Brassica Rapa in a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) aquaponic system, focusing on water quality and system monitoring. Aquaponics integrates fish farming and hydroponics into a symbiotic system that requires precise nutrient and waste management. Bio-mechanical filtration, essential for removing waste and maintaining water quality, was paired with an IoT-based monitoring system that tracked ammonia, nitrate, pH, and temperature in real-time. This enabled timely filtration adjustments to sustain optimal conditions for both fish and plants. Growth rates were analyzed across various filtration configurations, revealing that enhanced filtration and monitoring significantly reduced ammonia and nitrate levels, resulting in improved growth rates. These findings highlight the potential of combining bio-mechanical filtration and IoT monitoring to optimize aquaponic systems, making them more efficient, scalable, and resource-conscious. This study contributes to aquaponic design advancements, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2) by promoting sustainable food production and food security.