Optimization of Biodiesel Production Conditions from Waste Cooking Oil using Parkia speciosa Hassk. Peel Extracts - Modified Magnetite (Fe3O4-PSH) as Catalyst
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37934/kijbb.1.1.1428Keywords:
Alternative energy, biodiesel, waste cooking oil, catalyst, magnetiteAbstract
The world's energy needs continue to increase while availability decreases, so it is necessary to develop alternative energy sources. Biodiesel with waste raw materials is an alternative energy that attracts attention. This study produced biodiesel using raw materials from waste cooking oil with Parkia speciosa Hassk. peel extracts - modified magnetite (Fe3O4-PSH) catalyst. The Fe3O4-PSH catalyst was synthesized using the reverse coprecipitation method and characterized using FTIR, XRD, VSM, PSA, and SEM instruments. Biodiesel production was performed at various reaction conditions such as temperature, time, mole ratio of methanol and oil, and catalyst concentration to obtain biodiesel with the best yield and quality. The biodiesel quality parameters analyzed included density, water content, acid number, flash point, and calorific value. The results showed that the catalyst was successfully synthesized with good crystallinity and had a rough surface morphology. The crystallite size, magnetization saturation value, and average particle size were 14.5 nm, 28.33 emu/g, and 2048.6 nm, respectively. The optimum production conditions were obtained using catalyst concentration (0.5% w/w oil), methanol: oil ratio = 3:1 at a temperature of 60 °C for 90 minutes. The quality test showed that biodiesel quality was by SNI 7182:2015.
References
[1] Rahmayanti, Maya, Is Fatimah, Atika Yahdiyani Ikhsani, and Divya Nur Azizah. "The potential of calcium oxide nanocatalyst from chicken eggshells for biodiesel production using chicken fat waste." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 165 (2024): 112604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2024.112604
[2] Ghosh, Nabanita, and Gopinath Halder. "Current progress and perspective of heterogeneous nanocatalytic transesterification towards biodiesel production from edible and inedible feedstock: A review." Energy Conversion and Management 270 (2022): 116292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116292
[3] Rahmayanti, Maya, Annisa Nurul Syakina, Triastuti Sulistyaningsih, and Budi Hastuti. "Synthesis of magnetite using petai (Parkia speciosa) peel extract with ultrasonic waves as reusable catalysts for biodiesel production from waste frying oil." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 26, no. 4 (2023): 125-132. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.26.4.125-132
[4] Sander, Aleksandra, Mihael Antonije Košćak, Dominik Kosir, Nikola Milosavljević, Jelena Parlov Vuković, and Lana Magić. "The influence of animal fat type and purification conditions on biodiesel quality." Renewable energy 118 (2018): 752-760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.11.068
[5] Okolie, Jude A., Jorge Ivan Escobar, Great Umenweke, Waheed Khanday, and Patrick U. Okoye. "Continuous biodiesel production: A review of advances in catalysis, microfluidic and cavitation reactors." Fuel 307 (2022): 121821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121821
[6] Khan, Abdul Majeed, Abdul Hadi Safi, Muhammad Naeem Ahmed, Ali Raza Siddiqui, Muhammad Arsalan Usmani, Saad-ul-Haq Khan, and Kousar Yasmeen. "Biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil using a variety of waste marble as heterogeneous catalysts." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 36 (2020): 1487-1500. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20190364s20190021
[7] Tamjidi, Sajad, Hossein Esmaeili, and Bahareh Kamyab Moghadas. "Performance of functionalized magnetic nanocatalysts and feedstocks on biodiesel production: a review study." Journal of Cleaner Production 305 (2021): 127200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127200
[8] Dantas, J., E. Leal, D. R. Cornejo, R. H. G. A. Kiminami, and A. C. F. M. Costa. "Biodiesel production evaluating the use and reuse of magnetic nanocatalysts Ni0. 5Zn0. 5Fe2O4 synthesized in pilot-scale." Arabian Journal of Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2020): 3026-3042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.08.012
[9] Rahmayanti, Maya, Annisa Nurul Syakina, Is Fatimah, and Triastuti Sulistyaningsih. "Green synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles using peel extract of jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum) for methylene blue adsorption from aqueous media." Chemical Physics Letters 803 (2022): 139834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139834
[10] Rahmayanti, Maya, Meilana Dharma Putra, Karmanto, and Endaruji Sedyadi. "Potential organic magnetic nanoparticles from peel extract of Archidendron pauciflorum for the effective removal of cationic and anionic dyes." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 40, no. 11 (2023): 2759-2770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-023-1499-7
[11] Rahmayanti, Maya, Annisa Nurul Syakina, Triastuti Sulistyaningsih, and Budi Hastuti. "Synthesis of magnetite using petai (Parkia speciosa) peel extract with ultrasonic waves as reusable catalysts for biodiesel production from waste frying oil." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 26, no. 4 (2023): 125-132. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.26.4.125-132
[12] Wonghirundecha, Suchanuch, Soottawat Benjakul, and Punnanee Sumpavapol. "Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of stink bean (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) pod extracts." Songklanakarin Journal of Science & Technology 36, no. 3 (2014).
[13] Lakshmana Naik, R., N. Radhika, K. Sravani, A. Hareesha, B. Mohanakumari, and K. Bhavanasindhu. "Optimized parameters for production of biodiesel from fried oil." Int Adv Res J Sci Eng Technol 2, no. 6 (2015): 23. DOI 10.17148/IARJSET.2015.2615
[14] Kumar, Shatesh, Mohd Razali Shamsuddin, MS Ahmad Farabi, Mohd Izham Saiman, Zulkarnain Zainal, and Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap. "Production of methyl esters from waste cooking oil and chicken fat oil via simultaneous esterification and transesterification using acid catalyst." Energy Conversion and Management 226 (2020): 113366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113366
[15] Tarigan, Juliati Br, Sabarmin Perangin-angin, Santa Debora, Daniel Manalu, Rodiah N. Sari, Junedi Ginting, and Eko K. Sitepu. "Application of waste cocoa pod husks as a heterogeneous catalyst in homogenizer-intensified biodiesel production at room temperature." Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 10 (2024): 100966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100966
[16] Rahmayanti, Maya, Sri Juari Santosa, and Sutarno Sutarno. "Modified Humic Acid from Peat Soils with Magnetite (Ha-Fe3O4) by Using Sonochemical Technology for Gold Recovery." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 9, no. 2 (2020): 81-87. https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v9i02.26131
[17] Rahmayanti, Maya, Guliston Abdillah, Sri Juari Santosa, and Sutarno Sutarno. "Application of Humic Acid Isolated From Kalimatan Peat Soil Modifying Magnetite for Recovery of Gold." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 8, no. 2 (2020): 77-83. https://doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v8i2.20392
[18] Rahmayanti, Maya, Atika Yahdiyani, and Ika Qurrotul Afifah. "Eco-friendly synthesis of magnetite based on tea dregs (Fe3O4-TD) for methylene blue adsorbent from simulation waste." Communications in Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (2022): 119-126. https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.7.2.2022.965
[19] Takase, Mohammed, Rogers Kipkoech, Dominic Luckee Miller, and Evan Kwami Buami. "Optimisation of the reaction conditions for biodiesel from Parkia biglobosa oil via transesterification with heterogeneous clay base catalyst." Fuel Communications 15 (2023): 100089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfueco.2023.100089
[20] Rahman, Wasi Ur, Syed Mohd Yahya, Zahid A. Khan, Naseem Ahmad Khan, Gopinath Halder, and Sumit H. Dhawane. "Valorization of waste chicken egg shells towards synthesis of heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: Optimization and statistical analysis." Environmental Technology & Innovation 22 (2021): 101460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101460
[21] Syakina, Annisa Nurul, and Maya Rahmayanti. "Removal of methyl violet from aqueous solutions by green synthesized magnetite nanoparticles with Parkia speciosa Hassk. peel extracts." Chemical Data Collections 44 (2023): 101003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdc.2023.101003
[22] Seffati, Kambiz, Bizhan Honarvar, Hossein Esmaeili, and Nadia Esfandiari. "Enhanced biodiesel production from chicken fat using CaO/CuFe2O4 nanocatalyst and its combination with diesel to improve fuel properties." Fuel 235 (2019): 1238-1244.
[23] Burmana, Anggara Dwita, Erwin Nazri, Dwina Rahmayani Hasibuan, Rondang Tambun, and Yacine Benguerba. "Biodiesel Production Using Waste Cooking Oil and Amberlite 62i as Heterogeneous Catalyst: Sustainability Energy Solution." Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering (2024): 101011.
[24] Saad, Mayas, Baraa Siyo, and Hussam Alrakkad. "Preparation and characterization of biodiesel from waste cooking oils using heterogeneous Catalyst (Cat. TS-7) based on natural zeolite." Heliyon 9, no. 6 (2023).
[25] Falowo, Olayomi Abiodun, Olusegun John Ojediran, Olumuyiwa Moses, Raphael Eghianruwa, and Eriola Betiku. "A bifunctional catalyst from waste eggshells and its application in biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil." Results in Engineering 23 (2024): 102613.
